SPACEDK · DAILY CLASSICS · 07:00 CST
The Daily Classics Library
At 7:00 every morning in Beijing, 500 complete sayings, verses, reflections, or stories are selected from edition- and rights-verified books, then read again in historical and contemporary context.
Verification rule: Unsourced internet quotations are excluded. Every item records its work, authorship or traditional attribution, translator, locator, source revision, and rights status. “Complete” means a self-contained saying, verse, reflection, or story—not copying an entire protected modern book.
Meditations
Meditations · Book 11, passage 36
Simple guide for children under seven
What it means: Today’s item 101, “Meditations · Meditations · ……1, passage 36 · book-11-p-36,” can mean this: When angry, pause first. Let your body settle, then explain why.
Try this: Before choosing, count to three and ask, “Is there another way?”
Important reminder: This is one reading, not a rule that is always right. Tell a trusted adult about danger, bullying, or pain.
For adults: historical and edition context
Marcus Aurelius governed in the second century CE amid frontier wars, imperial administration, and the Antonine plague. The Meditations are private Greek exercises; the exact date and place of individual notes are often uncertain. This edition uses George Long’s 1862 translation.
- Period
- Roman Empire, 2nd century CE; 1862 English translation
- Region
- Roman Empire / United Kingdom edition
- Work date
- Original notes c. 170s CE; translation first published 1862
- Edition
- Standard Ebooks edition of George Long’s translation
Check the complete text with an adult
Open the edition-verified text
The Lacedæmonians at their public spectacles used to set seats in the shade for strangers, but themselves sat down anywhere.
Dhammapada
Dhammapada · XXI:290
Simple guide for children under seven
What it means: Today’s item 102, “Dhammapada · Dhammapada · XXI:290 · XXI:290,” can mean this: Wanting more is normal, and we can also learn what is enough.
Try this: Observe first and guess second. Change your mind when clues change.
Important reminder: This is one reading, not a rule that is always right. Tell a trusted adult about danger, bullying, or pain.
For adults: historical and edition context
The Dhammapada is an anthology of Pali Buddhist verses shaped by long transmission and compilation, so a verifiable occasion cannot be assigned to each verse. This source uses Max Müller’s 1881 translation and keeps its nineteenth-century philological vocabulary visible.
- Period
- Ancient Indian Buddhist tradition; 1881 English translation
- Region
- South Asia / United Kingdom edition
- Work date
- Ancient compilation of uncertain date; translation published 1881
- Edition
- Dhammapada, translated by F. Max Müller, Sacred Books of the East, Vol. X
Check the complete text with an adult
Open the edition-verified text
If by leaving a small pleasure one sees a great pleasure, let a wise man leave the small pleasure, and look to the great.
Aesop’s Fables
The Wolf and the Horse
Simple guide for children under seven
What it means: Today’s item 103, “Aesop’s Fables · The Wolf an……rse · the-wolf-and-the-horse,” can mean this: Be honest with friends. If someone does not understand you, do not rush to anger.
Try this: Observe first and guess second. Change your mind when clues change.
Important reminder: Do not judge a person from one sentence. Check what happened and think with a trusted adult.
For adults: historical and edition context
The Aesopic corpus is a long, changing fable tradition, not a set of individually verifiable utterances by one sixth-century BCE author. Each complete item here is fixed to V. S. Vernon Jones’s 1912 English edition.
- Period
- Ancient Greek tradition; 1912 English edition
- Region
- Ancient Mediterranean / United Kingdom edition
- Work date
- Traditional material associated with the 6th century BCE; translation published 1912
- Edition
- Standard Ebooks edition of the 1912 V. S. Vernon Jones translation
Check the complete text with an adult
Open the edition-verified text
A Wolf on his rambles came to a field of oats, but, not being able to eat them, he was passing on his way when a Horse came along. “Look,” said the Wolf, “here’s a fine field of oats. For your sake I have left it untouched, and I shall greatly enjoy the sound of your teeth munching the ripe grain.” But the Horse replied, “If wolves could eat oats, my fine friend, you would hardly have indulged your ears at the cost of your belly.” There is no virtue in giving to others what is useless to oneself.
Epistulae morales ad Lucilium
Seneca · LXXIV. SENECA LUCILIO SUO SALUTEM §32
Simple guide for children under seven
What it means: Today’s item 104, “Epistulae morales ad Luciliu……NECA LUCILIO SUO SALUTEM §32,” can mean this: People with power should explain their reasons and allow questions.
Try this: If you disagree, use calm words to explain why.
Important reminder: Being brave does not mean taking unsafe risks. Leave danger and find a trusted adult.
For adults: historical and edition context
Seneca’s letters to Lucilius are usually dated to about 62–65 CE, late in Nero’s reign. They combine counsel with deliberate literary composition. Claims about freedom, wealth, and death must be read alongside Roman political danger, hierarchy, and slavery. This item preserves the original Latin at a fixed Wikisource revision.
- Period
- Roman Empire, 1st century CE
- Region
- Roman Empire
- Work date
- Commonly dated to Seneca’s final years, c. 62–65 CE
- Edition
- Latin Wikisource, Liber VIII
Check the complete text with an adult
Open the edition-verified text
[32] Omnia quae facienda erunt audaciter faciet et prompte. Hoc enim stultitiae proprium quis dixerit, ignave et contumaciter facere quae faciat, et alio corpus impellere, alio animum, distrahique inter diversissimos motus. Nam propter illa ipsa quibus extollit se miraturque contempta est, et ne illa quidem quibus gloriatur libenter facit. Si vero aliquod timetur malum, eo proinde, dum exspectat, quasi venisset urguetur, et quidquid ne patiatur timet iam metu patitur.
Epistulae morales ad Lucilium
Seneca · LVIII. §3
Simple guide for children under seven
What it means: Today’s item 105, “Epistulae morales ad Luciliu……I. §3 · Liber VI · LVIII. §3,” can mean this: Words can help or hurt. Think before you speak.
Try this: Before choosing, count to three and ask, “Is there another way?”
Important reminder: Do not judge a person from one sentence. Check what happened and think with a trusted adult.
For adults: historical and edition context
Seneca’s letters to Lucilius are usually dated to about 62–65 CE, late in Nero’s reign. They combine counsel with deliberate literary composition. Claims about freedom, wealth, and death must be read alongside Roman political danger, hierarchy, and slavery. This item preserves the original Latin at a fixed Wikisource revision.
- Period
- Roman Empire, 1st century CE
- Region
- Roman Empire
- Work date
- Commonly dated to Seneca’s final years, c. 62–65 CE
- Edition
- Latin Wikisource, Liber VI
Check the complete text with an adult
Open the edition-verified text
[3] Puto intellegi istud verbum interisse. Ne te longe differam, quaedam simplicia in usu erant, sicut ‘cernere ferro inter se’ dicebant. Idem Vergilius hoc probabit tibi:
論語
陽貨第十七 · 十七之五
Simple guide for children under seven
What it means: Today’s item 106, “論語 · 陽貨第十七 · 十七之五 · 十七之五,” can mean this: It is fine to want something, but do not take it by force or hurt others.
Try this: Before choosing, count to three and ask, “Is there another way?”
Important reminder: This is one reading, not a rule that is always right. Tell a trusted adult about danger, bullying, or pain.
For adults: historical and edition context
Confucius lived amid political fragmentation and changing ritual order in the late Spring and Autumn period. The Analects was compiled over time by disciples and later circles, not recorded as a verbatim transcript. This item is fixed to a specific Wikisource revision.
- Period
- 春秋末至战国编集 / late Spring and Autumn to Warring States compilation
- Region
- 中国 / China
- Work date
- 约公元前5—3世纪逐步编集
- Edition
- 中文维基文库《論語》陽貨第十七
Check the complete text with an adult
Open the edition-verified text
公山弗擾以費畔，召，子欲往。子路不說，曰：「末之也已，何必公山氏之之也。」子曰：「夫召我者，而豈徒哉？如有用我者，吾其爲東周乎！」
Epistulae morales ad Lucilium
Seneca · LVIII. §20
Simple guide for children under seven
What it means: Today’s item 107, “Epistulae morales ad Luciliu…… §20 · Liber VI · LVIII. §20,” can mean this: Things change, so we can pause and choose carefully.
Try this: Today, listen until another person finishes, then answer.
Important reminder: Being brave does not mean taking unsafe risks. Leave danger and find a trusted adult.
For adults: historical and edition context
Seneca’s letters to Lucilius are usually dated to about 62–65 CE, late in Nero’s reign. They combine counsel with deliberate literary composition. Claims about freedom, wealth, and death must be read alongside Roman political danger, hierarchy, and slavery. This item preserves the original Latin at a fixed Wikisource revision.
- Period
- Roman Empire, 1st century CE
- Region
- Roman Empire
- Work date
- Commonly dated to Seneca’s final years, c. 62–65 CE
- Edition
- Latin Wikisource, Liber VI
Check the complete text with an adult
Open the edition-verified text
[20] Quartum locum habebit εἶδος. Quid sit hoc εἶδος attendas oportet, et Platoni imputes, non mihi, hanc rerum difficultatem; nulla est autem sine difficultate subtilitas. Paulo ante pictoris imagine utebar. Ille cum reddere Vergilium coloribus vellet, ipsum intuebatur. Idea erat Vergilii facies, futuri operis exemplar; ex hac quod artifex trahit et operi suo imposuit εἶδος est. Quid intersit quaeris? Alterum exemplar est, alterum forma ab exemplari sumpta et operi imposita; alteram artifex imitatur, alteram facit. Habet aliquam faciem statua: haec est εἶδος. Habet aliquam faciem exemplar ipsum quod intuens opifex statuam figuravit: haec idea est. Etiam nunc si aliam desideras distinctionem, εἶδος in opere est, idea extra opus, nec tantum extra opus est, sed ante opus.
Dhammapada
Dhammapada · III:41
Simple guide for children under seven
What it means: Today’s item 108, “Dhammapada · Dhammapada · III:41 · III:41,” can mean this: Nature is not a toy. Observe it, care for it, and do not harm living things.
Try this: Tell a trusted adult one thing you learned today.
Important reminder: This is one reading, not a rule that is always right. Tell a trusted adult about danger, bullying, or pain.
For adults: historical and edition context
The Dhammapada is an anthology of Pali Buddhist verses shaped by long transmission and compilation, so a verifiable occasion cannot be assigned to each verse. This source uses Max Müller’s 1881 translation and keeps its nineteenth-century philological vocabulary visible.
- Period
- Ancient Indian Buddhist tradition; 1881 English translation
- Region
- South Asia / United Kingdom edition
- Work date
- Ancient compilation of uncertain date; translation published 1881
- Edition
- Dhammapada, translated by F. Max Müller, Sacred Books of the East, Vol. X
Check the complete text with an adult
Open the edition-verified text
Before long, alas! this body will lie on the earth, despised, without understanding, like a useless log.
Pensées
Pensées · Section XI · 701
Simple guide for children under seven
What it means: Today’s item 109, “Pensées · Pensées · Section …… · Section XI · fragment 701,” can mean this: The first thought in your mind may be wrong. Look for clues and think again.
Try this: Tell a trusted adult one thing you learned today.
Important reminder: Being brave does not mean taking unsafe risks. Leave danger and find a trusted adult.
For adults: historical and edition context
Pascal left these unfinished fragments amid seventeenth-century French scientific development, religious controversy, and illness, probably for a projected Christian apology. Modern grouping and numbering reflect Brunschvicg’s editorial decisions rather than a finished authorial order. Analysis distinguishes religious argument, mathematics, historical evidence, and personal experience.
- Period
- 17th-century France; early modern science and religious controversy
- Region
- France
- Work date
- Fragments written mainly c. 1657–1662; Brunschvicg edition published 1897–1925
- Edition
- Léon Brunschvicg edition, Section XI
Check the complete text with an adult
Open the edition-verified text
Le zèle des Juifs pour leur loi et leur temple : Josèphe, et Philon Juif ad Caïum. Quel autre peuple a un tel zèle ? il fallait qu’ils l’eussent. Jésus-Christ prédit quant au temps et à l’état du monde : le duc ôté de la cuisse et la quatrième monarchie. Qu’on est heureux d’avoir cette lumière dans cette obscurité. Qu’il est beau de voir, par les yeux de la foi, Darius et Cyrus, Alexandre, les Romains, Pompée et Hérode agir, sans le savoir, pour la gloire de l’Évangile !
Dhammapada
Dhammapada · XII:160
Simple guide for children under seven
What it means: Today’s item 110, “Dhammapada · Dhammapada · XII:160 · XII:160,” can mean this: Everyone meets hard choices. We can pause before acting.
Try this: Observe first and guess second. Change your mind when clues change.
Important reminder: This is one reading, not a rule that is always right. Tell a trusted adult about danger, bullying, or pain.
For adults: historical and edition context
The Dhammapada is an anthology of Pali Buddhist verses shaped by long transmission and compilation, so a verifiable occasion cannot be assigned to each verse. This source uses Max Müller’s 1881 translation and keeps its nineteenth-century philological vocabulary visible.
- Period
- Ancient Indian Buddhist tradition; 1881 English translation
- Region
- South Asia / United Kingdom edition
- Work date
- Ancient compilation of uncertain date; translation published 1881
- Edition
- Dhammapada, translated by F. Max Müller, Sacred Books of the East, Vol. X
Check the complete text with an adult
Open the edition-verified text
Self is the lord of self, who else could be the lord? With self well subdued, a man finds a lord such as few can find.
Meditations
Meditations · Book 4, passage 54
Simple guide for children under seven
What it means: Today’s item 111, “Meditations · Meditations · …… 4, passage 54 · book-4-p-54,” can mean this: Nature is not a toy. Observe it, care for it, and do not harm living things.
Try this: If something is hard today, say, “Please help me.”
Important reminder: Do not judge a person from one sentence. Check what happened and think with a trusted adult.
For adults: historical and edition context
Marcus Aurelius governed in the second century CE amid frontier wars, imperial administration, and the Antonine plague. The Meditations are private Greek exercises; the exact date and place of individual notes are often uncertain. This edition uses George Long’s 1862 translation.
- Period
- Roman Empire, 2nd century CE; 1862 English translation
- Region
- Roman Empire / United Kingdom edition
- Work date
- Original notes c. 170s CE; translation first published 1862
- Edition
- Standard Ebooks edition of George Long’s translation
Check the complete text with an adult
Open the edition-verified text
Always run to the short way; and the short way is the natural: accordingly say and do everything in conformity with the soundest reason. For such a purpose frees a man from trouble, and warfare, and all artifice and ostentatious display.
Epistulae morales ad Lucilium
Seneca · LXXXV. SENECA LUCILIO SUO SALUTEM §36
Simple guide for children under seven
What it means: Today’s item 112, “Epistulae morales ad Luciliu……NECA LUCILIO SUO SALUTEM §36,” can mean this: People with power should explain their reasons and allow questions.
Try this: If something is hard today, say, “Please help me.”
Important reminder: Do not judge a person from one sentence. Check what happened and think with a trusted adult.
For adults: historical and edition context
Seneca’s letters to Lucilius are usually dated to about 62–65 CE, late in Nero’s reign. They combine counsel with deliberate literary composition. Claims about freedom, wealth, and death must be read alongside Roman political danger, hierarchy, and slavery. This item preserves the original Latin at a fixed Wikisource revision.
- Period
- Roman Empire, 1st century CE
- Region
- Roman Empire
- Work date
- Commonly dated to Seneca’s final years, c. 62–65 CE
- Edition
- Latin Wikisource, Liber XI – XIII
Check the complete text with an adult
Open the edition-verified text
[36] Deinde gubernatoris ars alienum bonum est: ad eos quos vehit pertinet, quomodo medici ad eos quos curat: <sapientis> commune bonum est: <est> et eorum cum quibus vivit et proprium ipsius. Itaque gubernatori fortasse noceatur cuius ministerium aliis promissum tempestate inpeditur:
Meditations
Meditations · Book 12, passage 8
Simple guide for children under seven
What it means: Today’s item 113, “Meditations · Meditations · …… 12, passage 8 · book-12-p-8,” can mean this: Do not only work fast. Check whether the work truly helped.
Try this: If something is hard today, say, “Please help me.”
Important reminder: Do not judge a person from one sentence. Check what happened and think with a trusted adult.
For adults: historical and edition context
Marcus Aurelius governed in the second century CE amid frontier wars, imperial administration, and the Antonine plague. The Meditations are private Greek exercises; the exact date and place of individual notes are often uncertain. This edition uses George Long’s 1862 translation.
- Period
- Roman Empire, 2nd century CE; 1862 English translation
- Region
- Roman Empire / United Kingdom edition
- Work date
- Original notes c. 170s CE; translation first published 1862
- Edition
- Standard Ebooks edition of George Long’s translation
Check the complete text with an adult
Open the edition-verified text
Practise thyself even in the things which thou despairest of accomplishing. For even the left hand, which is ineffectual for all other things for want of practice, holds the bridle more vigorously than the right hand; for it has been practised in this.
Meditations
Meditations · Book 9, passage 28
Simple guide for children under seven
What it means: Today’s item 114, “Meditations · Meditations · …… 9, passage 28 · book-9-p-28,” can mean this: Nature is not a toy. Observe it, care for it, and do not harm living things.
Try this: If you disagree, use calm words to explain why.
Important reminder: Old books can reflect old limits. A child does not need to follow every old rule; ask a trusted adult.
For adults: historical and edition context
Marcus Aurelius governed in the second century CE amid frontier wars, imperial administration, and the Antonine plague. The Meditations are private Greek exercises; the exact date and place of individual notes are often uncertain. This edition uses George Long’s 1862 translation.
- Period
- Roman Empire, 2nd century CE; 1862 English translation
- Region
- Roman Empire / United Kingdom edition
- Work date
- Original notes c. 170s CE; translation first published 1862
- Edition
- Standard Ebooks edition of George Long’s translation
Check the complete text with an adult
Open the edition-verified text
Soon will the earth cover us all: then the earth, too, will change, and the things also which result from change will continue to change forever, and these again forever. For if a man reflects on the changes and transformations which follow one another like wave after wave and their rapidity, he will despise everything which is perishable.
Epistulae morales ad Lucilium
Seneca · LXXVIII. SENECA LUCILIO SUO SALUTEM §18
Simple guide for children under seven
What it means: Today’s item 115, “Epistulae morales ad Luciliu……NECA LUCILIO SUO SALUTEM §18,” can mean this: After learning something, practise it and ask for help when needed.
Try this: Before choosing, count to three and ask, “Is there another way?”
Important reminder: Being brave does not mean taking unsafe risks. Leave danger and find a trusted adult.
For adults: historical and edition context
Seneca’s letters to Lucilius are usually dated to about 62–65 CE, late in Nero’s reign. They combine counsel with deliberate literary composition. Claims about freedom, wealth, and death must be read alongside Roman political danger, hierarchy, and slavery. This item preserves the original Latin at a fixed Wikisource revision.
- Period
- Roman Empire, 1st century CE
- Region
- Roman Empire
- Work date
- Commonly dated to Seneca’s final years, c. 62–65 CE
- Edition
- Latin Wikisource, Liber IX
Check the complete text with an adult
Open the edition-verified text
[18] Illud quoque proderit, ad alias cogitationes avertere animum et a dolore discedere. Cogita quid honeste, quid fortiter feceris; bonas partes tecum ipse tracta; memoriam in ea quae maxime miratus es sparge; tunc tibi fortissimus quisque et victor doloris occurrat: ille qui dum varices exsecandas praeberet legere librum perseveravit, ille qui non desiit ridere cum hoc ipsum irati tortores omnia instrumenta crudelitatis suae experirentur. Non vincetur dolor ratione, qui victus est risu?
Pensées
Pensées · Section II-1 · 61
Simple guide for children under seven
What it means: Today’s item 116, “Pensées · Pensées · Section ……· Section II-1 · fragment 61,” can mean this: After learning something, practise it and ask for help when needed.
Try this: After a task, check whether it truly helped someone.
Important reminder: Being brave does not mean taking unsafe risks. Leave danger and find a trusted adult.
For adults: historical and edition context
Pascal left these unfinished fragments amid seventeenth-century French scientific development, religious controversy, and illness, probably for a projected Christian apology. Modern grouping and numbering reflect Brunschvicg’s editorial decisions rather than a finished authorial order. Analysis distinguishes religious argument, mathematics, historical evidence, and personal experience.
- Period
- 17th-century France; early modern science and religious controversy
- Region
- France
- Work date
- Fragments written mainly c. 1657–1662; Brunschvicg edition published 1897–1925
- Edition
- Léon Brunschvicg edition, Section II-1
Check the complete text with an adult
Open the edition-verified text
Ordre. — J’aurais bien pris ce discours d’ordre comme celui-ci : pour montrer la vanité de toutes sortes de conditions, montrer la vanité des vies communes, et puis la vanité des vies philosophiques pyrrhoniennes, stoïques ; mais l’ordre n’y serait pas gardé. Je sais un peu ce que c’est, et combien peu de gens l’entendent. Nulle science humaine ne le peut garder : Saint Thomas ne l’a pas gardé. La mathématique le garde, mais elle est inutile en sa profondeur.
Pensées
Pensées · Section VI · 362
Simple guide for children under seven
What it means: Today’s item 117, “Pensées · Pensées · Section …… · Section VI · fragment 362,” can mean this: The first thought in your mind may be wrong. Look for clues and think again.
Try this: After a task, check whether it truly helped someone.
Important reminder: Do not judge a person from one sentence. Check what happened and think with a trusted adult.
For adults: historical and edition context
Pascal left these unfinished fragments amid seventeenth-century French scientific development, religious controversy, and illness, probably for a projected Christian apology. Modern grouping and numbering reflect Brunschvicg’s editorial decisions rather than a finished authorial order. Analysis distinguishes religious argument, mathematics, historical evidence, and personal experience.
- Period
- 17th-century France; early modern science and religious controversy
- Region
- France
- Work date
- Fragments written mainly c. 1657–1662; Brunschvicg edition published 1897–1925
- Edition
- Léon Brunschvicg edition, Section VI
Check the complete text with an adult
Open the edition-verified text
Ex senatus-consultis et plebiscitis… Demander des passages pareils.
Dhammapada
Dhammapada · XX:284
Simple guide for children under seven
What it means: Today’s item 118, “Dhammapada · Dhammapada · XX:284 · XX:284,” can mean this: The first thought in your mind may be wrong. Look for clues and think again.
Try this: Today, listen until another person finishes, then answer.
Important reminder: This is one reading, not a rule that is always right. Tell a trusted adult about danger, bullying, or pain.
For adults: historical and edition context
The Dhammapada is an anthology of Pali Buddhist verses shaped by long transmission and compilation, so a verifiable occasion cannot be assigned to each verse. This source uses Max Müller’s 1881 translation and keeps its nineteenth-century philological vocabulary visible.
- Period
- Ancient Indian Buddhist tradition; 1881 English translation
- Region
- South Asia / United Kingdom edition
- Work date
- Ancient compilation of uncertain date; translation published 1881
- Edition
- Dhammapada, translated by F. Max Müller, Sacred Books of the East, Vol. X
Check the complete text with an adult
Open the edition-verified text
So long as the love of man towards women, even the smallest, is not destroyed, so long is his mind in bondage, as the calf that drinks milk is to its mother.
Meditations
Meditations · Book 8, passage 4
Simple guide for children under seven
What it means: Today’s item 119, “Meditations · Meditations · ……ok 8, passage 4 · book-8-p-4,” can mean this: Everyone meets hard choices. We can pause before acting.
Try this: Before choosing, count to three and ask, “Is there another way?”
Important reminder: Old books can reflect old limits. A child does not need to follow every old rule; ask a trusted adult.
For adults: historical and edition context
Marcus Aurelius governed in the second century CE amid frontier wars, imperial administration, and the Antonine plague. The Meditations are private Greek exercises; the exact date and place of individual notes are often uncertain. This edition uses George Long’s 1862 translation.
- Period
- Roman Empire, 2nd century CE; 1862 English translation
- Region
- Roman Empire / United Kingdom edition
- Work date
- Original notes c. 170s CE; translation first published 1862
- Edition
- Standard Ebooks edition of George Long’s translation
Check the complete text with an adult
Open the edition-verified text
Consider that men will do the same things nevertheless, even though thou shouldst burst.
Pensées
Pensées · Section XIII · 805
Simple guide for children under seven
What it means: Today’s item 120, “Pensées · Pensées · Section …… Section XIII · fragment 805,” can mean this: Nature is not a toy. Observe it, care for it, and do not harm living things.
Try this: Give gentle care to a person, animal, or plant today.
Important reminder: Being brave does not mean taking unsafe risks. Leave danger and find a trusted adult.
For adults: historical and edition context
Pascal left these unfinished fragments amid seventeenth-century French scientific development, religious controversy, and illness, probably for a projected Christian apology. Modern grouping and numbering reflect Brunschvicg’s editorial decisions rather than a finished authorial order. Analysis distinguishes religious argument, mathematics, historical evidence, and personal experience.
- Period
- 17th-century France; early modern science and religious controversy
- Region
- France
- Work date
- Fragments written mainly c. 1657–1662; Brunschvicg edition published 1897–1925
- Edition
- Léon Brunschvicg edition, Section XIII
Check the complete text with an adult
Open the edition-verified text
Les deux fondements, l’un intérieur, l’autre extérieur ; la grâce, les miracles ; tous deux surnaturels.